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CONTENTS

PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................... 5
PART ONE. FUNDAMENTALS AND PRINCIPLES OF TESTING ............................................. 7
I. MEASURMENT. EVALUATION................................................................................................... 7
1.1. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN THE CONTEXT
OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PARADIGM .................................................................. 7
1.2. NATURE OF MEASUREMENT ........................................................................................ 13
1.3. NATURE OF EVALUATION. CRITERIA. CLASIFICATION.
FUNCTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 16
1.4. SPECIFICS OF MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT .................................................................... 18

II. TESTING ..................................................................................................................................... 25
2.1. TERMS – TEST, TESTING ............................................................................................... 25
2.2. GENERAL HISTORY OF TESTS. STAGES ..................................................................... 28
2.3. HISTORY OF TESTING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT IN U.S. ,
CANADA AND SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ......................................................... 38
2.4. HISTORY OF TESTING IN PHYSICAL
EDUCATION AND SPORTS IN BULGARIA .................................................................. 46
2.5. ITEM CLASSIFICATIONS AND ITEM ANALYSIS ....................................................... 53
2.6. TEST CLASSIFICATIONS. TAXONOMIES .................................................................... 58
2.7. TEST CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................................................... 67
2.8. TEST SCORES. LOCATING INDIVIUALS ON
A NORMAL CURVE .......................................................................................................... 70
2.9. STANDARDS. STANDARDIZED TESTS ........................................................................ 73

III. THEORY OF NORM-REFERENCED TESTS .................................................................... 74
3.1. NORM – REFERENCED TEST THEORY ......................................................................... 74
3.2. RELIABILITY ...................................................................................................................... 75
3.3. VALIDITY. VALIDITY TYPES. RISK OF INAPPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS ................. 87
3.4. ITEM ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 97

IV. CRITIRIA –REFERENCED TEST THEORY .................................................................... 106
4.1. CRITERIA –REFERENCED TEST MODEL ...................................................... 106
4.2. RELIABILITY .................................................................................................................... 109
4.3. VALIDITY .......................................................................................................................... 113
4.4. ITEM ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 114
4.5. CUT OF STANDARDS ...................................................................................................... 114
4.6. DETERMINING LENGTH OF TESTS ............................................................................. 123

V. MODERN TEST THEORIES ............................................................................................... 125
5.1. ITEM RESPONSE THEORY – IRT .................................................................................. 125
5.2. BANK OF QUESTIONS. COMPUTER – ADAPTIVE
TESTS (CAT) ................................................................................................................................... 130
5.3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - DISCUSSION ............................................................... 132

PART TWO. APPLIED ASPECTS OF TESTING IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT ..................................................................................... 136
VI. TEST APPLICATIONS. SPECIFICS ...................................................................................... 136
6.1. APPLICATION IN SPORT EDUCATION ....................................................................... 136
6.2. OTHER AREAS OF APPLICATION. SPECIFICS .......................................................... 146

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